Economic impact of Tuberculosis in India

September 17, 2024 1 Comment

Tuberculosis (TB) exacts a significant economic toll in India, affecting individuals, households, and the nation’s economy as a whole. Despite being preventable and treatable, TB continues to pose formidable challenges, impeding economic development and exacerbating poverty. By delving into the economic dimensions of TB in India, we can better understand its impact and the urgent need for concerted action to address this burden.

The economic burden of TB encompasses direct costs related to healthcare services and indirect costs stemming from productivity losses and premature mortality. According to a report by the World Health Organization (WHO), TB costs India an estimated $24 billion annually in terms of lost productivity and healthcare expenses. This staggering figure underscores the magnitude of TB’s economic impact on the nation.

Direct costs of TB care include expenses incurred for diagnosis, treatment, and management of the disease. These costs can be prohibitive for affected individuals and households, particularly those already grappling with poverty. According to the Global Tuberculosis Report 2021, approximately 39% of TB patients in India face catastrophic health expenditures, pushing many families into poverty.

Indirect costs of TB are equally significant, primarily attributable to productivity losses resulting from illness, disability, and premature death. TB often strikes individuals during their prime working years, disrupting employment and income-generating activities. A study published in The Lancet estimated that TB-related productivity losses in India amounted to $340 million annually, reflecting the substantial economic impact of the disease on workforce productivity.

Moreover, TB-related stigma and discrimination can exacerbate indirect costs by impeding social integration and employment opportunities for affected individuals. Fear of transmission and discrimination in the workplace further compound the economic hardships faced by TB patients and their families.

  • India bears the world’s highest burden of TB, accounting for approximately one-quarter of global TB cases.
  • In 2022, there were an estimated 2.8 million incident TB cases in India, with 342,000 TB-related deaths.
  • TB disproportionately affects economically vulnerable populations, including the homeless, slum dwellers, migrants, and marginalized communities.
  • The economic impact of multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB) is particularly severe, with higher treatment costs and lower treatment success rates compared to drug-susceptible TB.
  • According to the India TB Report 2021, the economic burden of TB in terms of lost productivity and healthcare costs is estimated to be $32 billion annually, representing a significant drain on the economy.
  • According to The Economic Times, the total cost of TB treatment from the onset of symptoms to one year post-treatment ranged from $330-$375 per PwTB, despite free diagnosis and treatment provided by the government.

Efforts to mitigate the economic impact of TB require a comprehensive approach that integrates health system strengthening, social protection measures, and poverty alleviation strategies. Investing in accessible, affordable, and high-quality TB care services is essential for reducing the financial burden on affected individuals and households. Additionally, addressing social determinants of health such as poverty, malnutrition, and overcrowded living conditions is critical for preventing TB and breaking the cycle of disease and poverty.

Furthermore, enhancing TB control efforts through innovative financing mechanisms, public-private partnerships, and community-based interventions can help alleviate the economic burden of TB while advancing progress toward elimination goals. Prioritizing TB within broader health and development agendas is essential for mobilizing resources, galvanizing political commitment, and fostering multisectoral collaboration to tackle this pervasive public health challenge.

The economic impact of TB in India is substantial, exerting profound consequences on individuals, households, and the nation’s economy. Addressing this burden requires concerted action and sustained investment in TB prevention, diagnosis, and treatment services. By leveraging evidence-based interventions, strengthening health systems, and addressing social determinants of health, India can mitigate the economic impact of TB while advancing progress towards achieving health equity and sustainable development goals. As India strives towards a TB-free future, addressing the economic dimensions of the disease is paramount for fostering inclusive growth and improving the well-being of its citizens.

(First published on LinkedIn on 28th March 2024)

Disclaimer: The opinions expressed are those of the author and do not purport to reflect the views or opinions of any organization, foundation, CSR, non-profit or others

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Impact Funding in the time of COVID-19

June 19, 2020 Leave a comment

Photo source: The New Humanitarian

The global pandemic COVID-19 has triggered the most severe economic recession in nearly a century and is causing enormous damage to people’s health, jobs, and well-being. It has changed the social sector landscape and will continue to impact the sector for the next few years. In the short term, since March 2020, change in the funding trends is already being witnessed by non-profits, especially of the CSR in India, with majority of them contributing to the PM Cares, CM Relief Funds and contributions towards local relief work like food and PPE distribution. The unexpected crisis created due to migrant labour returning to their home states, we are witnessing some of the bigger CSRs channeling their funds towards ‘Rehabilitation during and post COVID-19’ phase with a focus on re-skilling, sustainable livelihoods and job creation, BCC, and food & nutrition security.

Until the next 12-18 months, there will be opportunities for partnerships under the ‘rehabilitation lens’ across geographies, but more focused on states like Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Odisha, Assam, and Jharkhand. Apart from relief & rehabilitation, Health (preventive health, strengthening local health systems at block and village levels, and co-morbidity diseases like TB, HIV/AIDS, Diabetes, etc.) and Education (especially working with a sudden increase in out-of-school-children due to in-migration, and skilling School teachers in rural and sub-urban India in virtual classrooms, course development and delivery, and digital communication) are other areas, where donor funds are potentially going to be invested. In other areas, especially environment and climate change (unless CSRs & foundation’s core focus is environment), it is bound to be severe funding cuts (40%-60% from pre-COVID times) over short to mid-term.

Non-profits need to continue building strong partnership with their existing CSR Partners, to continue getting support to even those projects that are not COVID aligned, and build new partnerships using COVID aligned models. It is expected that Government funding will increase and so will partnership opportunities in most of the areas like livelihoods, education and health using innovative implementation mechanisms and digital communication. The World Bank has announced large assistance programs for India, which will be implemented through state governments and may bring non-profits with the opportunities of large partnerships between now and 2025. The current changed funding trend will more or less continue in 2021. However bigger CSR and foundations will see a potential downside of 30-50% in their funding allocations.

As restrictions are being eased world-wide, the path to global economic recovery remains highly uncertain with 6-7.5% negative growth in 2020, it is expected to climb back to around 2.8-3% in 2021 and move slowly towards recovery. In the long run, 2022-25, when both national and international economies are strongly on the recovery path, it is expected that several international aid agencies, which had stopped direct funding in Indian development sector, once again will open a window for 3-5 years of funding, and number of funding opportunities for India and other developing countries will increase. Historically, post mega disaster comes the golden period of funding for impact sector. It is a phase, and it too shall pass. Together, we will continue to drive change and together we will prevail.

Disclaimer: The opinions expressed are those of the author and do not purport to reflect the views or opinions of any organization, foundation, CSR, non-profit or others.

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Thank You For Smoking

May 6, 2013 Leave a comment

thank-you-for-smokingThank You For Smoking

by Christopher Buckley | 272 Pages | Genre: Fiction | Publisher: Allison & Busby | Year: 2003 | My Rating: 9/10

“That’s the beauty of argument, if you argue correctly, you’re never wrong.”
― Christopher Buckley, Thank You For Smoking

I started reading this book at a very interesting time, when I finally kicked the butt after 13 years of smoking cigarettes. I know the havoc it has played on my health in past several years, and I don’t need any scientific data to tell me that smoking is bad. I know that there’s people out there way smarter than I am, but a tobacco lobbyist is NOT one of those people! I shall no longer be yanked around by their stinking propaganda. It is my hope that others can also break free from tobacco’s hold. It’s hard. It’s worth it.

Nick Naylor, the main character, is a tobacco lobbyist and the chief spokesman for the Academy of Tobacco Studies, a tobacco industry lobbying firm that promotes the benefits of cigarettes. He spends most of his time making media appearances to spin whatever claims that any health professional makes about the harmful effects of tobacco. He often laments throughout the book that the media does not give him as much screen time as “health professionals”. Nick’s a player and women are attracted to him like moths toward flame. He’s part of the MOD Squad – the Merchants of Death. It includes him, representing the tobacco lobby, and then a lobbyist for alcohol and for the gun lobby. Because of his ability to easily be unethical and convincing he has become a target for anti-tobacco terrorists and is under investigation from the FBI. The main wheels of the story starts turning when Naylor is kidnapped and is almost killed because his kidnappers stick Nicotine patches all over his body, which he miraculously manages to survive the effects. His doctor says it’s because he is a smoker and his body was therefore not as overwhelmed by all the nicotine patches as a non-smoker’s body would have been. The result is that Naylor can no longer smoke cigarettes ever again because there is now too much nicotine in his system. I enjoyed Naylor’s voice because he is so cynical but also very self-aware. Sometimes he seems like he really believes in the things that he is spouting to defend the people who write his pay checks, but then in the next paragraph, he’ll use the same line that he uses for everything, which is “Where are the data proving this?”

This humorously toned, sharp and witty political satire set in Washington, DC is my Read of the Week.

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